Gnufdisk specification ¶

1.1 Invoking ¶

gnufdisk is a small executable that takes care of loading the implementation that you want, with the options you specified. The model of control to start gnufdisk is as follows:

gnufdisk IMPLEMENTATION [ ARGUMENTS ]

In this model, IMPLEMENTATION means the user interface that you want to use. ARGUMENTS indicates the parameters that you want to provide to this interface.

User interfaces are separate modules, are not part of the gnufdisk program, so you can only use interfaces that you have installed on your system. The only interface included in the program is shell.

1.2 shell interface ¶

The shell interface allows you to use the gnufdisk scheme interpreter interactively. If you run gnufdisk selecting this interface, you’ll be shown the guile prompt:

~/$ gnufdisk shell
guile> 

In this mode you can work on devices interactively, using the language scheme. See Scheme shell.

3.1 Page fault handling ¶

Many times it happens that a pointer contains an invalid address. In these cases not enough to check if its value is NULL. Values such as 0x01, 0x64 and 0x345 are not equal to NULL, but if we try to access these addresses, our program will terminate with a SIGSEGV signal. The following function allows us to check if an address is valid:

Function: int gnufdisk_check_memory ( void *address, size_t size, int readonly ) ¶

This function checks if the memory area from address to address + size is accessible for reading. If the parameter readonly is not zero, then this function checks if we have write access.

On success this function returns 0. If an error occurs, this function returns -1 and errno is set with the error code.

There are cases where we do not know in advance which addresses are used. Examples of these cases are the functions with variable number of arguments. For these cases, the library provides the following functions:

Function: int gnufdisk_vfprintf ( FILE* stream, const char *format, va_list args ) ¶

This function behaves like vfprintf, capturing any SIGSEGV signal. On success this function returns the number of bytes printed. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and errno is set with the appropriate code.

Note: If the function captures a SIGSEGV signal, the output is undefined.

Function: int gnufdisk_vasprintf (char **dest, const char *format, va_list args ) ¶

This function behaves like vasprintf, capturing any SIGSEGV signal. On success this function returns the number of bytes printed. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and errno is set with the appropriate code.

3.2 Strings ¶

This library includes some functions for string handling. The strings are represented with the structure struct gnufdisk_string. This structure is hidden, you can use it only throught pointers and related functions:

Function: struct gnufdisk_string* gnufdisk_string_new ( const char* format, ... ) ¶

This function allocates a new string and sets its content in accordance with the format format (and its arguments).

On success the function returns the pointer to the new string. If an error occurs the function returns NULL and errno is set with the error value.

Function: int gnufdisk_string_set ( struct gnufdisk_string* string, const char *format, ... ) ¶

This function sets the contents of string according with the format format (and it’s arguments).

On success this function returns the length of the string. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and the variable errno is set with the error number.

Note: If the function fails, the contents of the string remains unchanged.

Function: int gnufdisk_string_length ( struct gnufdisk_string* string ) ¶

This function returns the length of the string string. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and the variable errno is set with the error number.

Function: const char* gnufdisk_string_c_string ( struct gnufdisk_string* string ) ¶

This function returns a pointer to the string data. If an error occurs the function returns NULL and sets the variable errno with the error number.

Function: char* gnufdisk_string_c_string_dup ( struct gnufdisk_string* string ) ¶

This function returns a pointer to the string data. Pointer must be freed with free. If an error occurs the function returns NULL and sets the variable errno with the error number.

Function: int gnufdisk_string_delete ( struct gnufdisk_string* string ) ¶

This function eliminates the string string and frees all its resources. On success the function returns 0. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and errno is set with the error number.

3.3 Stacks ¶

Function: struct gnufdisk_stack* gnufdisk_stack_new ( void ) ¶

Function: int gnufdisk_stack_delete ( struct gnufdisk_stack* stack ) ¶

Function: int gnufdisk_stack_push ( struct gnufdisk_stack* stack, void* data, size_t size ) ¶

Function: int gnufdisk_stack_pop ( struct gnufdisk_stack* stack, void* dest, size_t size ) ¶

4.1 Log messages ¶

To send logging messages on the terminal you can use the following macro:

Macro: GNUFDISK_LOG ( arguments ) ¶

The parameter arguments is a function-argument-list that should be passed to a print function. The format of these arguments is: (enabled, format, args).

The parameter enabled should be a boolean expression. If the evaluation of this expression is true then the message will be printed. Otherwise not.

The parameter format is a printf-like format string and args are arguments for this strings.

Once this macro is called, there are 2 ways to configure logging. The first is global, and then enable or disable all messges. The second is through the parameter enabled.

To enable global logging you must define the macro GNUFDISK_DEBUG while compiling your source. For example, using gcc you can compile with:

gcc -DGNUFDISK_DEBUG -c -o source-file.o source-file.c

To enable or disable logging local to the source you must use the parameter enable. As mentioned above the parameter must be a boolean expression. If the result of this expression is 0 (zero), the message is not displayed. For example:

GNUFDISK_LOG((1, "I  received %d bytes", nbytes));
GNUFDISK_LOG((0, "prepare to write..."));

The first message will be displayed. The second message is not displayed. Note that the double parentheses are necessary. If we omit this particular the C preprocessor fails.

If the macro GNUFDISK_DEBUG is defined and the parameter enable expands to true, the library will print the message in the following format:

PROCESSID-THREADID:SOURCE:LINENO: MESSAGE

PROCESSID indicates the id of the process that sent the message. THREADID indicates which thread has sent the message. The value is printed as a sequence of hexadecimal values. SOURCE is the source file name and LINENO the number of line where the message is sent.

4.2 Warning messages ¶

To send warning messages on the terminal you can use the following macro:

Macro: GNUFDISK_WARNING ( format ) ¶

This macro prints a warning message to stderr. The message is formatted according with the string format.

The message is printed according to the following schema:

*** WARNING *** PROCESSID-THREADID:SOURCE:LINENO: MESSAGE

4.3 gnufdisk-debug example ¶

In this section we will make an example of how to use the library. The sample program will copy a file and use the library to display informations. In the second part will show you how to enable and disable logging at global level and at local level. What follows is our source code:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/* Get definition of GNUFDISK_LOG */
#include <gnufdisk-debug.h>

/* We define boolean expressions as calls to getenv,
 * so that we can enable or disable local logging
 * using environment variables. */
#define INFO (getenv("INFO") != NULL)
#define IO (getenv("IO") != NULL)

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  FILE* in;
  FILE* out;
  char buf[512];
  int count;

  GNUFDISK_LOG((INFO, "main: argc=%d, argv=%p", argc, argv));

  if(argc < 3)
    {
      fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: mycopy source dest\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  if((in = fopen(argv[1], "rb")) == NULL)
    {
      perror("fopen");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  GNUFDISK_LOG((INFO, "input stream: %p", in));

  if((out = fopen(argv[2], "wb")) == NULL)
    {
      perror("fopen");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  GNUFDISK_LOG((INFO, "output stream: %p", out));

  while((count = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), in)) > 0)
    {
      GNUFDISK_LOG((IO, "got %d bytes", count));

      if(fwrite(buf, 1, count, out) != count)
        {
          perror("fwrite");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

  GNUFDISK_LOG((INFO, "done copy"));

  fclose(in);
  fclose(out);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Now that we have written the code, we can compile. For this example we will build two executables, the first one with debugging enabled at the global level, the second with debugging disabled globally. We will call these two executables mycopy-with-debug and mycopy-without-debug. Here are two commands to compile the two executables:

gcc -DGNUFDISK_DEBUG -o mycopy-with-debug mycopy.c -lgnufdisk-debug
gcc -o mycopy-without-debug mycopy.c

Note that if the macro GNUFDISK_DEBUG is not defined, we do not need to link our executable to the library, because it is not used. Now that the executables are compiled we can see their behavior. The first executable has debug enabled globally, then we can enable messages using environment variables:

$ # no log at all:
$ ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
$ # enable logging from category INFO:
$ INFO= ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
26925-00000000:mycopy.c:20: main: argc=3, argv=0xbfe8fb94
26925-00000000:mycopy.c:34: input stream: 0x8a19008
26925-00000000:mycopy.c:42: output stream: 0x8a19170
26925-00000000:mycopy.c:55: done copy
$ # enable logging for all categories:
$ INFO= IO= ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:20: main: argc=3, argv=0xbfcef574
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:34: input stream: 0x855e008
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:42: output stream: 0x855e170
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 512 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:46: got 335 bytes
26926-00000000:mycopy.c:55: done copy

The second executable has debug disabled globally, even if we try to enable messages using environment variables, they will not be displayed:

$ # no log at all:
$ ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
$ # enable logging from category INFO:
$ INFO= ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
$ # enable logging for all categories:
$ INFO= IO= ./mycopy-with-debug input-file output-file
$

When the source code is compiled without defining the macro GNUFDISK_DEBUG, each occurrence of GNUFDISK_LOG is expanded in an empty statement. In this way, we do not have an impact on the speed of the program.

5.1 Throw ¶

When an error occurs, and you do not know how to solve it, the best choice is to throw an exception and let the error be managed at the highest level. To throw an exception you can use the following macro:

Macro: GNUFDISK_THROW ( mode, retry, error, data, fmt, ... ) ¶

With this macro you can raise an exception for error error (a signed integer value). You can decide what value to use for this parameter, but you can not use the value 0 (zero) because this value is reserved to the library.

With the mode parameter you can decide how this exception should be handled. To do this you can use the or operator (|) and the following enumerations:

GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_MANAGEABLE

The exception can be handled by a function before being reported and before the stack is cleared. The handler for this exception will be given at a higher level, at the beginning of the try block. You can pass data to this function using the parameter data (a void pointer). See Throw handlers.

GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_LOCKABLE

The function that handles the exception can stop the error. If this happens, the stack is not cleared and execution continues to the next statement or jump to a retry-point. You can indicate a retry-point using the parameter retry. See Blocking exceptions.

With the parameter format you can enter a descriptive message for this error. The parameter accepts a printf-like string. The rest of parameters are those required for the format-string.

Once an exception is raised, the library ensures that there is a try context. If there is no context, the thread is finished using pthread_kill, and the signal 6 (SIGABORT).

5.2 Throw handlers ¶

When an exception was raised, the library checks the value indicated for the mode parameter. If you have specified the value GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_MANAGEABLE, the library checks whether a handler has been specified. If this is specified, then calls it.

Type: gnufdisk_exception_handler ¶

This is the type for an exception handler. It’s declaration is:

int gnufdisk_exception_handler ( void * handler_data,
                                 struct gnufdisk_exception_info *info,
                                 void *exception_data );

The parameter handler_data is a void pointer. The value of this parameter is specified when registering the handler. The parameter info is a pointer to a structure that contains information about this exception (see below). The parameter exception_data is a void pointer. Its value is specified within the macro GNUFDISK_THROW, using the parameter data.

Type: struct gnufdisk_exception_info ¶

This structure contains information about the exception. Its members are:

message

The error message indicated with the macro GNUFDISK_THROW.

file

The source file name where this exception was raised.

line

The line number where this exception was raised.

error

The error associated with this exception (the value given for parameter error of GNUFDISK_THROW)

If you want to specify an exception handler, you must do when starting a try context, using the following macro:

Macro: GNUFDISK_TRY ( handler, handler_arg ) ¶

This macro begins a context where you can manage exceptions. The parameter handler is a pointer to a function that manage the error before it is reported. The parameter handler_arg is a void pointer. You can use it to pass data to the handler.

5.3 Blocking exceptions continue or jump back ¶

If you are able to fix an error in an exception handler, you can tell the library that the error was resolved. To do this you must return a zero value from the exception handler. In this case, the library checks whether the exception can be blocked. If the exception can be blocked then the execution continues from where it was raised (or more back if you specified a retry-point).

To indicate a retry-point you have to use a variable, set it to the location where you want to jump and indicate it as a parameter retry when using the macro GNUFDISK_THROW. To declare and set a retry-point you can use the following macros:

Type: GNUFDISK_RETRY ¶

This allows you to declare a variable where you can jump back.

Macro: GNUFDISK_RETRY_SET ( retry ) ¶

With this macro you can set a location to jump back. The parameter retry should be a variable of type GNUFDISK_RETRY.

You can have multiple GNUFDISK_RETRY variables, but you can only use one for each call to GNUFDISK_THROW. The retry mechanism is similar to a goto statement, but it is not a label. Unlike the labels you can get the address of a retry-point variable and pass it to a function. This function can throw an exception using this variable and, if this exception is resolved, execution jumps to where you’ve set the jump.

5.4 Unwind handlers ¶

You can register functions that must be called before cleaning the stack. We call these functions unwind-handlers because they are run just prior to clean up the stack and move the execution at the first properly catch block. To register/unregister handlers you must use the following functions:

Function: int gnufdisk_exception_register_unwind_handler ( void (*handler)(void *), void *data ) ¶

This function registers an unwind-handler. The parameter handler is the pointer to the function you want to register. The parameter data is the argument you want passed to the function.

The return value is 0 (zero) if the handler was registered. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and errno is set to error number.

Function: int gnufdisk_exception_unregister_unwind_handler ( void (*handler)(void *), void *data ) ¶

This function allows to remove an handler from a try context. The parameters handler and data must be the same as you entered when you registered the handler.

The return value is 0 (zero) if the handler was removed. If an error occurs the function returns -1 and errno is set to error number.

You can register more than one handler, they are called in reverse order. Each handler will be called with its argument.

5.5 Catch ¶

When an exception occurs and this is not blocked, the library calls the registered handlers, cleans up the stack and then move code execution on an appropriate catch block. To insert one or more catch blocks you must use the following macros:

Macro: GNUFDISK_CATCH ( error ) ¶

This macro indicates a statement (or a block of statements) prepared to handle the error error. The parameter error is an integer id for the type of exception.

Macro: GNUFDISK_CATCH_DEFAULT ¶

This macro indicates a set of instructions to be executed if the exception was not handled.

Within each catch block you can use the variable exception_info. This variable is an automatic variable, local to the catch block. For more information about the type of this variable See struct gnufdisk_exception_info.

5.6 End try/catch context ¶

At the end of a try/catch block should be a call to the macro GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END. This macro has the following format:

Macro: GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END ¶

The macro GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END indicates the end of a context where you can manage exceptions. If there are unhandled exceptions, they will be raised at the highest level. If no one handles these exceptions, the thread will be terminated.

Then the template to handle exceptions using this library is as follows:

GNUFDISK_TRY ( handler, handler_arg )
  {
    /* Code where exceptions can be raised */
  }
[ GNUFDISK_CATCH ( error )
  {
    /* Codet to manage error error */
  } ]
[ GNUFDISK_CATCH_DEFAULT
  {
    /* Default code to manage exceptions */
  } ]
GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END;

The call to GNUFDISK_TRY is mandatory. It prepares a new environment where you can catch exceptions. Following this macro there may be a series of GNUFDISK_CATCH, one for each error. If you want, you can place a call to GNUFDISK_CATCH_DEFAULT to handle uncaught exception. At the end there must be a call to GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END. This is also mandatory, is used to control the final state of the context and to release the allocated memory.

5.7 gnufdisk-exception example ¶

In this section we will make an example using the library gnufdisk-exception.

The sample program will try to open a socket listening on port 953 and use the library to signal errors. If the bind fails, we use a throw-handler to resolve the error, and a retry-point variable to resume operation. The following is sample code:

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#include <gnufdisk-debug.h>
#include <gnufdisk-exception.h>

/* define macros for GNUFDISK_LOG */
#define ERROR (getenv("ERROR") != NULL)
#define INFO (getenv("INFO") != NULL)

/* This is our throw-handler */
static int
throw_handler (void *_udata, 
               struct gnufdisk_exception_info *_info,
               void *_edata)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((ERROR,
                 "handle exception from %s:%d error %d (%s)",
                 _info->file,
                 _info->line, 
                 _info->error, 
                 strerror (_info->error)));

  switch (_info->error)
    {
    case EACCES:
    case EADDRINUSE:
      {
        /* We assume that the port is busy. We ask you
           to enter a new port or 'q' to quit. */
  
        char buf[32];
        struct sockaddr_in *name;
        uint16_t new_port;

        memset (buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
        name = _edata;
        new_port = ntohs (name->sin_port);
        printf ( "cannot bind socket on port %hu"
                 ", type another port or q to quit: ",
                 new_port );

        fflush (stdout);

        if (scanf ("%31s", buf) < 1 || strchr (buf, 'q') != NULL)
          return -1;

        new_port = atoi (buf);

        name->sin_port = htons (new_port);

        return 0; /* block the exception */
      }
   }

  return -1; /* let the exception continue */
}

static int create_socket(uint16_t _port)
{
  int sock;
  struct sockaddr_in name;

  GNUFDISK_RETRY r1; /* retry point variable */

  GNUFDISK_LOG((INFO, "create socket on port %hu", _port));

  /* Create the socket. */
  sock = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 
  /* On failure we raise an exception. This exception 
     is not manageable, an then not lockable */ 

  if (sock < 0)
    GNUFDISK_THROW(0, NULL, errno, NULL, "cannot create socket");

  /* bind socket */
  name.sin_family = AF_INET;
  name.sin_port = htons (_port);
  name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
  
  GNUFDISK_RETRY_SET(r1); /* set the retry point */

  /* On failure we raise an exception. Exception is manageable
     and lockable. Use retry point `r1' and pass the variable `name'
     as exception data. */

  if (bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &name, sizeof (name)) < 0)
    GNUFDISK_THROW(GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_MANAGEABLE
                     |GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_LOCKABLE,
                   &r1,
                   errno,
                   &name,
                   "cannot bind socket on port %hd", 
                   ntohs(name.sin_port));

  return sock;
}

/* unwind handler to free a pointer */
static void cleanup_memory(void* _p)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG((ERROR, "free memory %p", _p));
  free(_p);
}

/* unwind handler to close a socket */
static void close_socket(void* _p)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG((ERROR, "close socket %p", _p));

  close(*(int*) _p);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  int ret;

  /* begin a try context using `throw_handler' as throw-handler 
     pass NULL as handler data */
  GNUFDISK_TRY(&throw_handler, NULL)
    {
      char* buf;
      int sock;

      /* On failure raise an exception. 
         Exception is not manageable and not lockable */
      if((buf = malloc(1024)) == NULL)
        GNUFDISK_THROW(0, 
                       NULL, 
                       errno, 
                       NULL, 
                       "cannot allocate memory");

      /* register an unwind handler to free buf */
      gnufdisk_exception_register_unwind_handler(&cleanup_memory, buf);

      /* here we can have some exceptions */
      sock = create_socket(953);

      /* registers an unwind handler to close the socket */
      gnufdisk_exception_register_unwind_handler(&close_socket, &sock);

      /* continue */
     
      /* if we walk here, there isn't exceptions 
         so we can close an cleanup explicitly */ 
      close(sock);    
      free(buf);

      ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
  GNUFDISK_CATCH_DEFAULT
    {
      fprintf(stderr,
              "caught an exception from %s:%d: %s\n",
              exception_info.file,
              exception_info.line,
              exception_info.message);
      ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END; /* end of exception context */

  return ret;
}

Now that the code is written, we can compile and test our example: We compile using gcc, and enable debugging at all levels:

~$ gcc -o exception -DGNUFDISK_DEBUG exception.c \
    -lgnufdisk-debug -lgnufdisk-exception
~$ INFO= ERROR= ./exception
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:72: create socket on port 953
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:29: handle exception from \
    exception.c:93 error 13 (Permission denied)
cannot bind socket on port 953, type another port or q to quit: 80
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:29: handle exception \
    from exception.c:93 error 13 (Permission denied)
cannot bind socket on port 80, type another port or q to quit: 98
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:29: handle exception from \
    exception.c:93 error 13 (Permission denied)
cannot bind socket on port 98, type another port or q to quit: 20
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:29: handle exception from \
    exception.c:93 error 13 (Permission denied)
cannot bind socket on port 20, type another port or q to quit: q
26350-c0061b40:exception.c:100: free memory 0x9450058
caught an exception from exception.c:93: cannot bind socket on port 20
~$

As we can see from the logs, it was not possible to bind using port 953. At this point there was an exception and the throw-handler has asked to enter a new port. The user selects the port number 80, and the exception has been blocked. This was repeated for port 80, 98 and 20, until the user has decided to quit. This time the exception was not locked. The library has called the cleanup_memory, and the execution has moved to the catch block.

6.1 Error reporting ¶

Any error that occurs in this library is signaled by an exception. The type of error is indicated by an integer value, specific data is provided through a union. Below is the list of errors:

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EMODULEPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_string pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EMODULE

Invalid module name (module not found).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYLENGTH

Invalid geometry length (less than or equal to 0).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_geometry pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRY

Invalid geometry (start and/or end are not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER,

Invalid struct gnmufdisk_device pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

Invalid device (internal values are not valid)

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_disklabel pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Invalid disklabel (internal values are not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_partition pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Invalid partition (internal values are not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONNUMBER

Partition number out of range.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

Operation not supported.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPATHPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_string pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPATH

Invalid device path (device is not accessible).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDESTINATIONPOINTER

Invalid destination pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ESIZEPOINTER

Invalid size pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELSYSTEMPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_string pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELSYSTEM

Invalid disklabel system (type is unknown).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONTYPEPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_string pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONTYPE

Invalid partition type (type is unknown).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERPOINTER

Invalid struct gnufdisk_string pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETER

Invalid parameter (unknown by implementation).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERDATA

Invalid parameter pointer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERSIZE

Unexpected parameter size.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EREADBUFFER

Invalid read buffer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EWRITEBUFFER

Invalid write buffer (address is not valid).

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EINTERNAL

Internal error.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

Device is not open.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EIO

Lov level I/O error.

Many of these errors can be resolved through a throw-handler. Errors that can not be resolved are not manageable by the handler (they are not reported using the mode GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_MANAGEABLE).

Each error is reported along with its data. For example, the error GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRY is accompanied by a pointer to the geometry. The error data are always passed through the union gnufdisk_device_exception_data:

union gnufdisk_device_exception_data {
  struct gnufdisk_string** emodulepointer;
  struct gnufdisk_string* emodule;
  struct gnufdisk_string** edisklabelsystempointer;
  struct gnufdisk_string* edisklabelsystem;
  struct gnufdisk_string** epartitiontypepointer;
  struct gnufdisk_string* epartitiontype;
  size_t* epartitionnumber;
  struct gnufdisk_string** epathpointer;
  struct gnufdisk_string* epath;
  void*** edestinationpointer;
  size_t ** esizepointer;
  gnufdisk_integer* egeometrylength;
  struct gnufdisk_geometry** egeometrypointer;
  struct gnufdisk_geometry* egeometry;
  struct gnufdisk_device** edevicepointer;
  struct gnufdisk_disklabel** edisklabelpointer;
  struct gnufdisk_partition** epartitionpointer;
  void **ereadbuffer;
  void **ewritebuffer;
  struct gnufdisk_device* enotopen;
};

Each element of this structure corresponds to an error. You can correct the data and lock the exception, then the library will resume the operation. If the values are incorrect the exception will be reported again. Here’s an example:

static int throw_handler(void* _hdata, 
  struct gnufdisk_exception_info* _info, void* _edata)
{
  union gnufdisk_device_exception_data* exception_data;

  exception_data = _edata;

  if(_info->error == GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYLENGTH)
    {
      *exception_data.egeometrylength = 1;
      return 0; /* lock the exception */
    }

  return -1; /* let the exception continue */
}

This way you can handle any error. If you do not manage the error the operation will be canceled.

6.2 Geometries ¶

In this library, the geometry of disk is represented by the structure struct gnufdisk_geometry. In this structure, the positions are represented in logical sectors.

This structure is not public, you can use it only through pointers. To create/destroy variables of this type you can use the following functions:

Function: struct gnufdisk_geometry* gnufdisk_geometry_new ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

This function allocates a new geometry. The parameter device indicates the device to which this geometry refers. This is necessary for the alignment and size restrictions.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_COMMON_ENOMEM

Function: void gnufdisk_geometry_delete ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* geometry ) ¶

This function destroys and frees the memory allocated for geometry geometry.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

Once you have allocated a variable, you can set its value. The values of a geometry can be expressed through logical sectors or CHS values. To put a value through a chs triplet, you can use the following structure:

Structure: struct gnufdisk_chs ¶

This structure is used to indicate geometric values through a triple (cylinder, head, sector), its definition is as follows:

struct gnufdisk_chs {
  gnufdisk_integer cylinder;
  gnufdisk_integer head;
  gnufdisk_integer sector;
};

To set/get geometry values, you can use the following functions:

Function: struct gnufdisk_geometry* gnufdisk_geometry_set ( struct gnufdisk_geometry *geometry, gnufdisk_integer start, gnufdisk_integer length ) ¶

This function sets the geometry geometry with the values start and length. On success return geometry.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYLENGTH

Function: struct gnufdisk_geometry* gnufdisk_geometry_set_chs ( struct gnufdisk_geometry *geometry, struct gnufdisk_chs start, struct gnufdisk_chs length ) ¶

This function is similar to the previous one, but the values are indicated by chs triplets.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYLENGTH

Function: gnufdisk_integer gnufdisk_geometry_start ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function returns the start sector from geometry.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

Function: struct gnufdisk_chs gnufdisk_geometry_start_chs ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function is similar to the previous one, but the value is returnet throught a chs triplet.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

Function: gnufdisk_integer gnufdisk_geometry_end ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function returns the end sector from geometry.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

Function: struct gnufdisk_chs gnufdisk_geometry_end_chs ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function is similar to the previous one, but the value is returnet throught a chs triplet.

Function: gnufdisk_integer gnufdisk_geometry_length ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function returns the lenght of geometry in sectors.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

Function: struct gnufdisk_chs gnufdisk_geometry_length_chs ( struct gnufdisk_geometry* ) ¶

This function is similar to the previous one, but the value is returnet throught a chs triplet.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EGEOMETRYPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

6.3 Devices ¶

In this library devices are represented through the structure gnufdisk_device. This structure is hidden, you can use it only through pointers.

To create or destroy struct gnufdisk_device variables, you can use the following functions:

Function: struct gnufdisk_device* gnufdisk_device_new ( struct gnufdisk_string* module, struct gnufdisk_string* options ) ¶

With this function you can create a new variable of type struct gnufdisk_device. The parameter module indicates which implementation you want to use for this variable. The parameter options means options that you specify for this implementation. See Backend API.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EMODULEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EMODULE

GNUFDISK_COMMON_ENOMEM

Function: void gnufdisk_device_delete ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

This function destroys the variable device and frees all allocated resources. Once destroyed, this variable is no longer usable.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

Once a variable has been allocated, you can perform operations on it using the following functions:

Function: void gnufdisk_device_ref ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

This function adds a reference to the variable device. Even if someone tries to destroy it, the variable remains allocated as long as you do not destroy it.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

Function: void gnufdisk_device_open ( struct gnufdisk_device* device, struct gnufdisk_string* path ) ¶

This function binds the variable device variable to the file path (usually a device). After calling this function, you can begin to perform operations on this device.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPATHPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

Function: struct gnufdisk_disklabel * gnufdisk_device_disklabel ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

This function allows you to get the partition table on the device device.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELSYSTEM

Function: struct gnufdisk_disklabel* gnufdisk_device_create_disklabel ( struct gnufdisk_device* device, struct gnufdisk_string* system ) ¶

This function allows you to create a new partition table on device. The parameter system indicates the type of table you want to create.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDIKS_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_COMMON_ENOMEM

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELSYSTEMPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELSYSTEM

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

Function: void gnufdisk_device_set_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_device* device, struct gnufdisk_string* parameter, const void* data, size_t size ) ¶

This function allows you to set a specific parameter on device. parameter is the name of the parameter that you want to set. The parameter data is the value that you want to set. The parameter size indicates the size of data.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERDATA

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

Function: void gnufdisk_device_get_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_device* device, struct gnufdisk_string* parameter, void* data, size_t size ) ¶

This function allows you to read a specific parameter from device. parameter is the name of the parameter you want to read. The parameter data is the buffer where the value will be written. The parameter size" indicates the size of data buffer.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERDATA

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

Function: void gnufdisk_device_commit ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

Any changes made to devices remains in memory. With this function you can make the changes effective.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

Function: void gnufdisk_device_close ( struct gnufdisk_device* device ) ¶

This function closes the file associated with device. The changes are not made effective. If you want to write changes, you must call gnufdisk_device_commit before closing device.

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICEPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDEVICE

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTSUP

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOTOPEN

6.4 Disklabels ¶

Partition tables are represented by the structure struct gnufdisk_disklabel. This structure is hidden, you can use it only through pointers. Also you can not implicitly create a variable of this type, you can only get it through a device. See Devices.

Once you have a pointer of type struct gnufdisk_disklabel, you can perform operations using the following functions:

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_delete ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel *disklabel ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_ref ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel *disklabel ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_raw ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel *disklabel, void **dest, size_t * size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: struct gnufdisk_string* gnufdisk_disklabel_system ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: struct gnufdisk_partition* gnufdisk_disklabel_partition ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel, size_t number ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: struct gnufdisk_partition* gnufdisk_disklabel_create_partition ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel, struct gnufdisk_geometry* start_range, struct gnufdisk_geometry* end_range, struct gnufdisk_string* type ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_remove_partition ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel, size_t number ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_set_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel, struct gnufdisk_string* parameter, const void* data, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

Function: void gnufdisk_disklabel_get_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_disklabel* disklabel, struct gnufdisk_string* parameter, void* data, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABELPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EDISKLABEL

6.5 Partitions ¶

In this library partitions are represented by the structure struct gnufdisk_partition. This structure is hidden, you can use it only through pointers. Also you can not implicitly allocate variables of this type, you can only get them through a partition table. See Disklabels.

When you have a variable of type struct gnufdisk_partition, you can use the following functions to work on it:

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_ref ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_delete ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_set_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition struct gnufdisk_string* parameter, const void* data, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_get_parameter ( struct gnufdisk_partition* parameter, struct gnufdisk_string* param, void* data, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: struct gnufdisk_string* gnufdisk_partition_type ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: int gnufdisk_partition_number ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: gnufdisk_integer gnufdisk_partition_start ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: gnufdisk_integer gnufdisk_partition_length ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_move ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition, struct gnufdisk_geometry* start_range ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: void gnufdisk_partition_resize ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition, struct gnufdisk_geometry* end_range ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: int gnufdisk_partition_read ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition, gnufdisk_integer start, void* buf, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

Function: int gnufdisk_partition_write ( struct gnufdisk_partition* partition, gnufdisk_integer sector, const void* buf, size_t size ) ¶

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITIONPOINTER

GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARTITION

6.6 gnufdisk-device example ¶

In this section we will make a small example of how to use the library gnufdisk-device. Since we do not have a module, we create a basic as it only exports a few functions:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <gnufdisk-device.h>
#include <gnufdisk-device-internals.h>

static void device_open(void *_dev, struct gnufdisk_string* _path)
{
  printf("open `%s' with device %p\n", 
         gnufdisk_string_c_string(_path), _dev);
}

static void device_delete(void* _dev)
{
  printf("delete device %p\n", _dev);
  free(_dev);
}

static struct gnufdisk_device_operations devop = {0};

void module_register(struct gnufdisk_string * _options,
                     struct gnufdisk_device_operations * _operations,
                     void **_private_data)
{
  printf("register module `testmod'\n");


  devop.open = &device_open;
  devop.delete = &device_delete;

  *_operations = devop;

  *_private_data = malloc(16);
}

Once the module is compiled, we can test its use. What follows is a piece of code that uses the module:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <gnufdisk-exception.h>
#include <gnufdisk-device.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  struct gnufdisk_string* s;
  struct gnufdisk_device* dev;

  GNUFDISK_TRY(NULL, NULL)
    {
      s = gnufdisk_string_new("testmod");
      dev = gnufdisk_device_new(s, NULL);

      gnufdisk_string_set(s, "/dev/sda");
      gnufdisk_device_open(dev, s);
      sleep(1);

      gnufdisk_device_delete(dev);
      gnufdisk_string_delete(s);
    }
  GNUFDISK_CATCH_DEFAULT
    {
      printf("caught an exception from %s:%d: %s\n",
             exception_info.file,
             exception_info.line,
             exception_info.message);
    }
  GNUFDISK_EXCEPTION_END;

  return 0;
}

10.1 Backend example ¶

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <gnufdisk-debug.h>
#include <gnufdisk-exception.h>
#include <gnufdisk-device-internals.h>

#define INFO (getenv("SAMPLE_BACKEND") != NULL)

static size_t ndev = 0;
static size_t ndisk = 0;
static size_t npart = 0;

static void
partition_set_parameter (void *_data,
			 struct gnufdisk_string *_name,
			 const void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO,
		 "partition_set_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)",
		 _data, _name, _pdata, _psize));
}

static void
partition_get_parameter (void *_data,
			 struct gnufdisk_string *_name,
			 void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO,
		 "partition_get_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)",
		 _data, _name, _pdata, _psize));
}

static struct gnufdisk_string *
partition_type (void *_data)
{
  struct gnufdisk_string *s;

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_type(%s)", _data));

  if ((s = gnufdisk_string_new ("undefined")) == NULL)
    GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOMEM, NULL,
		    "can not allocate memory");

  return s;
}

static gnufdisk_integer
partition_start (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_start(%s)", _data));
  return 0xffff;
}

static gnufdisk_integer
partition_end (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_end(%s)", _data));
  return 0xffff;
}

static int
partition_number (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_number(%s)", _data));
  return 0x45;
}

static void
partition_move (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_geometry *_s)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_move(%s, %p)", _data, _s));
}

static void
partition_resize (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_geometry *_e)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_resize(%s, %p)", _data, _e));
}

static int
partition_read (void *_data, gnufdisk_integer _sector, void *_dest,
		size_t _size)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_read(%s, %lld, %p, %u)", 
        _data, _sector, _dest, _size));
  return _size;
}

static int
partition_write (void *_data, gnufdisk_integer _sector, 
    const void *_src, size_t _size)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_write(%s, %lld, %p, %u)",
        _data, _sector, _src, _size));
}

static void
partition_delete (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "partition_delete(%s)", _data));
  free(_data);
}

static struct gnufdisk_partition_operations partition_operations = {
  &partition_set_parameter,
  &partition_get_parameter,
  &partition_type,
  &partition_start,
  &partition_end,
  &partition_number,
  &partition_move,
  &partition_resize,
  &partition_read,
  &partition_write,
  &partition_delete
};


static void
disklabel_raw (void *_data, void **_dest, size_t * _size)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "disklabel_raw(%s, %p, %p)", 
        _data, _dest, _size));

  if ((*_dest = malloc (512)) == NULL)
    GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOMEM, NULL,
		    "can not allocate memory");

  *_size = 512;
}

static struct gnufdisk_string *
disklabel_system (void *_data)
{
  struct gnufdisk_string *s;

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "disklabel_system(%s)", _data));

  if ((s = gnufdisk_string_new ("BSD")) == NULL)
    GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOMEM, NULL,
		    "can not allocate memory");

  return s;
}

static void
disklabel_partition (void *_data, size_t _n,
		     struct gnufdisk_partition_operations *_operations,
		     void **_specific)
{
  char buf[64];

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "disklabel_partition(%s, %u, %p, %p)", 
        _data, _n, _operations, _specific));

  memcpy (_operations, &partition_operations, 
      sizeof (partition_operations));
  
  npart++;

  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "PARTITION %u", npart);

  *_specific = strdup(buf);
}

static void
disklabel_create_partition (void *_data,
			    struct gnufdisk_geometry *_s,
			    struct gnufdisk_geometry *_e,
			    struct gnufdisk_string *_type,
			    struct gnufdisk_partition_operations 
            *_operations,
			    void **_specific)
{
  char buf[64];

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO,
		 "disklabel_create_partition(%s, %p, %p, %p, %p, %p)",
		 _data, _s, _e, _type, _operations, _specific));

  memcpy (_operations, 
      &partition_operations, sizeof (partition_operations));

  npart++;

  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "PARTITION %u", npart);
  *_specific = strdup(buf);
}

static void
disklabel_remove_partition (void *_data, size_t _n)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, 
        "disklabel_remove_partition(%s, %u)", _data, _n));
}

static void
disklabel_set_parameter (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_name,
			 const void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, 
        "disklabel_set_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)", _data,
		    _name, _pdata, _psize));
}

static void
disklabel_get_parameter (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_name,
			 void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "disklabel_get_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)", _data,
		 _name, _pdata, _psize));
}

static void
disklabel_delete (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "disklabel_delete(%s)", _data));
  free(_data);
}

static struct gnufdisk_disklabel_operations disklabel_operations = {
  &disklabel_raw,
  &disklabel_system,
  &disklabel_partition,
  &disklabel_create_partition,
  &disklabel_remove_partition,
  &disklabel_set_parameter,
  &disklabel_get_parameter,
  &disklabel_delete
};


static void
device_open (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_path)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_open(%s, %p)", _data, _path));
}

static void
device_disklabel (void *_data,
		  struct gnufdisk_disklabel_operations *_operations,
		  void **_specific)
{
  char buf[64];

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_disklabel(%s, %p, %p)", 
        _data, _operations, _specific));

  memcpy (_operations, 
      &disklabel_operations, sizeof (disklabel_operations));

  ndisk++;

  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "DISKLABEL %u", ndisk);

  *_specific = strdup(buf);
}

static void
device_create_disklabel (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_type,
  struct gnufdisk_disklabel_operations *_operations, void **_specific)
{
  char buf[64];

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_create_disklabel(%s, %p, %p, %p)", 
        _data, _type, _operations, _specific));
  
  memcpy (_operations, 
    &disklabel_operations, sizeof (disklabel_operations));
  
  ndisk++;

  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "DISKLABEL %u", ndisk);

  *_specific = strdup(buf);
}

static void
device_set_parameter (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_parameter,
		      const void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_set_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)", _data,
		 _parameter, _pdata, _psize));
}

static void
device_get_parameter (void *_data, struct gnufdisk_string *_parameter,
		      void *_pdata, size_t _psize)
{
  char *param;

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_get_parameter(%s, %p, %p, %u)", _data,
		 _parameter, _pdata, _psize));

  if ((param = gnufdisk_string_c_string_dup (_parameter)) == NULL)
    GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_ENOMEM, NULL,
		    "can not allocate memory");

  gnufdisk_exception_register_unwind_handler (&free, param);

  if (strcmp (param, "SECTORS-PER-TRACK") == 0)
    {
      if (_psize != sizeof (gnufdisk_integer))
	GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERSIZE, NULL,
			"unexpected parameter size: %u", _psize);

      *((gnufdisk_integer *) _pdata) = 0xff;
    }
  else if (strcmp (param, "HEADS-PER-CYLINDER") == 0)
    {
      if (_psize != sizeof (gnufdisk_integer))
	GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETERSIZE, NULL,
			"unexpected parameter size: %u", _psize);

      *((gnufdisk_integer *) _pdata) = 0x02;
    }
  else
    GNUFDISK_THROW (0, NULL, GNUFDISK_DEVICE_EPARAMETER, NULL,
		    "parameter `%s' is not supported", param);

  free (param);
}

static void
device_commit (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_commit(%s)", _data));
}

static void
device_close (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_close(%s)", _data));
}

static void
device_delete (void *_data)
{
  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "device_delete(%s)", _data));
  free(_data);
}

static struct gnufdisk_device_operations device_operations = {
  &device_open,
  &device_disklabel,
  &device_create_disklabel,
  &device_set_parameter,
  &device_get_parameter,
  &device_commit,
  &device_close,
  &device_delete
};

void
module_register (struct gnufdisk_string *_options,
		 struct gnufdisk_device_operations *_operations,
		 void **_pdata)
{
  char buf[64];

  GNUFDISK_LOG ((INFO, "register_module(%p, %p, %p)", 
    _options, _operations, _pdata));

  memcpy (_operations, 
    &device_operations, sizeof (device_operations));
  
  ndev++;

  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "DEVICE %u", ndev);
  *_pdata = strdup(buf);
}